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//opt/alt/pcre2/usr/share/doc/alt-pcre2-10.49/NEWS
News about PCRE2 releases ------------------------- Version 10.49 28-September-2026 ------------------------------- This is a security-only release, to address GHSA-r9hj-j2rw-4q3m. Compared to 10.48, this release has only a minimal code change to prevent an out-of-bounds write with arbitrary data. An attacker-controlled regex pattern is required, and applications are only affected if using the pcre2_jit_stack_create() and pcre2_jit_stack_assign() APIs to provide a growable JIT stack, and then matching against a pattern with unusually high JIT stack usage, such as a large number of capturing groups. The implications of an out-of-bounds write could include arbitrary code execution. The issue is not a regression and affects releases 10.48 and earlier. Version 10.48 31-August-2026 ---------------------------- This is a regular release, incorporating security fixes along with small improvements and fixes to library behaviour. Only changes to behaviour, changes to the API, and other significant changes are described here. Please see the ChangeLog and Git log for further details. As well as the tarball and Git tag for this release, there are detailed instructions for backporting security and correctness fixes, for the last five years of releases. * (Git change) Renamed the default development branch from master to main. * (Maintenance change) Added a five-year support lifecycle policy and publication of backport patches for security and high-severity fixes in older releases. * (Security fix for very specific API usage, GHSA-2p8c-ff85-vh9x) If pcre2_jit_compile() is called with options for some match modes, and then pcre2_match() is used to perform a match for a different match mode, an out-of-bounds read can occur if the match is attempted against invalid UTF input. * (Security fix for pattern conversion, GHSA-q8g2-wprr-34m9) If pcre2_convert() is called on untrusted input on platforms with 32-bit size_t, an out-of-bounds heap write can occur. * (Security fix, GHSA-3r4p-g7gg-ppmf) Fixed an out-of-bounds write in DFA matching when using a heap limit; also fixed possible integer overflows which could cause under-allocation of the workspace. * (Security fix, GHSA-fmgr-6ggq-9859) Added bounds checks for several integer overflows while compiling patterns on 32-bit CPUs, which could cause under-allocation followed by out-of-bounds writes. * (Security fix, GHSA-9qww-pwc4-77qq) Applied lower buffer bound to prevent two out-of-bounds reads while scanning backwards through invalid UTF data with PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF. * (Matching correctness) Fixed several matching issues: - A JIT-specific matching bug affecting prefix scanning on patterns with repeats (#875). - A JIT-specific matching bug in variable-length lookbehinds (#912). - Miscompiled Unicode character classes combining characters at or below U+00FF with characters at U+0100 and U+8000 or above (#841). - Incorrect JIT character advancement with PCRE2_MATCH_INVALID_UTF in UTF-8 and UTF-16 modes, which could skip adjacent characters (#945). * (Behaviour change) Updated Unicode support to Unicode 17.0. * (Small behaviour changes) Many small fixes, including pcre2_substitute() improvements, optimisation of possessive backreference matching, and pcre2_compile() fixes. * (Small build changes) Many small adjustments to the CMake and Zig builds. * (Security fix for very specific API usage, #937) Fixed a leak and later invalid free when calling the fast-path pcre2_jit_match() function with a match data object previously used with pcre2_match() and PCRE2_COPY_MATCHED_SUBJECT. * (Low-severity security fix, GHSA-q7rw-r7qq-2hx6) Fixed exposure of two uninitialised bytes from malloc() via pcre2_serialize_encode(). Version 10.47 21-October-2025 ----------------------------- This is a regular semi-annual release, incorporating a few new features and several maintenance and build improvements. Only changes to behaviour, changes to the API, and other significant changes are described here. Please see the ChangeLog and Git log for further details. * (Powerful new feature) Pattern recursion of the form "(?1(GROUP_NAME_OR_NUM,...))" acts as a subroutine call which additionally returns the listed capturing groups to the calling context. * (Significant bugfix) Fixed a crash in pcre2_callout_enumerate() which is easily reachable on any pattern that contains a Unicode character class. If your application uses this function, please read the details for this change and evaluate its severity for your application. * (Build change) There are now linker scripts to enable symbol versioning for the PCRE2 dynamic libraries. Downstream Linux distributions may make use of this, or disable it with the new Autoconf `--disable-symvers` and CMake `-DPCRE2_SYMVERS` options. Linux, Solaris, and FreeBSD (GNU ld, LLVM lld, and Solaris ld) are tested and supported. * (New API function) Added pcre2_next_match(). This function makes it both simpler and safer for clients to iterate over all matches in a subject. The documentation in `pcre2api` also provides improved guidance in the section "Iterating over all matches". * (Minor API addition) Added the PCRE2_CONFIG_EFFECTIVE_LINKSIZE option to pcre2_config(). * (Minor replacement syntax extension) Added support for $+ replacement to pcre2_substitute(). * (Build change) Modernize the CMake build files, to use the "$<BUILD_INTERFACE:...>", "$<INSTALL_INTERFACE:...>" and "install(EXPORT...)" expressions to export the PCRE2 targets. Version 10.46 27-August-2025 ---------------------------- This is a security-only release, to address CVE-2025-58050. Compared to 10.45, this release has only a minimal code change to prevent a read-past-the-end memory error, of arbitrary length. An attacker-controlled regex pattern is required, and it cannot be triggered by providing crafted subject (match) text. The (*ACCEPT) and (*scs:) pattern features must be used together. Release 10.44 and earlier are not affected. This could have implications of denial-of-service or information disclosure, and could potentially be used to escalate other vulnerabilities in a system (such as information disclosure being used to escalate the severity of an unrelated bug in another system). Version 10.45 05-February-2025 ------------------------------ This is a comparatively large release, incorporating new features, some bugfixes, and a few changes with slight backwards compatibility implications. Please see the ChangeLog and Git log for further details. Only changes to behaviour, changes to the API, and major changes to the pattern syntax are described here. This release is the first to be available as a (signed) Git tag, or alternatively as a (signed) tarball of the Git tag. This is also the first release to be made by the new maintainers of PCRE2, and we would like to thank Philip Hazel, creator and maintainer of PCRE and PCRE2. * (Git change) The sljit project has been split out into a separate Git repository. Git users must now run `git submodule init; git submodule update` after a Git checkout. * (Behaviour change) Update Unicode support to UCD 16. * (Match behaviour change) Case-insensitive matching of Unicode properties Ll, Lt, and Lu has been changed to match Perl. Previously, /\p{Ll}/i would match only lower-case characters (even though case-insensitive matching was specified). This also affects case-insensitive matching of POSIX classes such as [:lower:]. * (Minor match behaviour change) Case-insensitive matching of backreferences now respects the PCRE2_EXTRA_CASELESS_RESTRICT option. * (Minor pattern syntax change) Parsing of the \x escape is stricter, and is no longer parsed as an escape for the NUL character if not followed by '{' or a hexadecimal digit. Use \x00 instead. * (Major new feature) Add a new feature called scan substring. This is a new type of assertion which matches the content of a capturing block to a sub-pattern. Example: to find a word that contains the rare (in English) sequence of letters "rh" not at the start: \b(\w++)(*scan_substring:(1).+rh) The first group captures a word which is then scanned by the (*scan_substring:(1) ... ) assertion, which tests whether the pattern ".+rh" matches the capture group "(1)". * (Major new feature) Add support for UTS#18 compatible character classes, using the new option PCRE2_ALT_EXTENDED_CLASS. This adds '[' as a metacharacter within character classes and the operators '&&', '--' and '~~', allowing subtractions and intersections of character classes to be easily expressed. Example: to match Thai or Greek letters (but not letters or other characters in those scripts), use [\p{L}&&[\p{Thai}||\p{Greek}]]. * (Major new feature) Add support for Perl-style extended character classes, using the syntax (?[...]). This also allows expressing subtractions and intersections of character classes, but using a different syntax to UTS#18. Example: to match Thai or Greek letters (but not letters or other characters in those scripts), use (?[\p{L} & (\p{Thai} + \p{Greek})]). * (Minor feature) Significant improvements to the character class match engine. Compiled character classes are now more compact, and have faster matching for large or complex character sets, using binary search through the set. * JIT compilation now fails with the new error code PCRE2_ERROR_JIT_UNSUPPORTED for patterns which use features not supported by the JIT compiler. * (Minor feature) New options PCRE2_EXTRA_NO_BS0 (disallow \0 as an escape for the NUL character); PCRE2_EXTRA_PYTHON_OCTAL (use Python disambiguation rules for deciding whether \12 is a backreference or an octal escape); PCRE2_EXTRA_NEVER_CALLOUT (disable callout syntax entirely); PCRE2_EXTRA_TURKISH_CASING (use Turkish rules for case-insensitive matching). * (Minor feature) Add new API function pcre2_set_optimize() for controlling which optimizations are enabled. * (Minor new features) A variety of extensions have been made to pcre2_substitute() and its syntax for replacement strings. These now support: \123 octal escapes; titlecasing \u\L; \1 backreferences; \g<1> and $<NAME> backreferences; $& $` $' and $_; new function pcre2_set_substitute_case_callout() to allow locale-aware case transformation. Version 10.44 07-June-2024 -------------------------- This is mostly a bug-fix and tidying release. There is one new function, to set a maximum size for a compiled pattern. The maximum name length for groups is increased to 128. Some auxiliary files for building under VMS are added. Version 10.43 16-February-2024 ------------------------------ There are quite a lot of changes in this release (see ChangeLog and Git log for a list). Those that are not bugfixes or code tidies are: * The JIT code no longer supports ARMv5 architecture. * A new function pcre2_get_match_data_heapframes_size() for finer heap control. * New option flags to restrict the interaction between ASCII and non-ASCII characters for caseless matching and \d and friends. There are also new pattern constructs to control these flags from within a pattern. * Upgrade to Unicode 15.0.0. * Treat a NULL pattern with zero length as an empty string. * Added support for limited-length variable-length lookbehind assertions, with a default maximum length of 255 characters (same as Perl) but with a function to adjust the limit. * Support for LoongArch in JIT. * Perl changed the meaning of (for example) {,3} which did not used to be recognized as a quantifier. Now it means {0,3} and PCRE2 has also changed. Note that {,} is still not a quantifier. * Following Perl, allow spaces and tabs after { and before } in all Perl- compatible items that use braces, and also around commas in quantifiers. The one exception in PCRE2 is \u{...}, which is from ECMAScript, not Perl, and PCRE2 follows ECMAScript usage. * Changed the meaning of \w and its synonyms and derivatives (\b and \B) in UCP mode to follow Perl. It now matches characters whose general categories are L or N or whose particular categories are Mn (non-spacing mark) or Pc (combining punctuation). * Changed the default meaning of [:xdigit:] in UCP mode to follow Perl. It now matches the "fullwidth" versions of hex digits. PCRE2_EXTRA_ASCII_DIGIT can be used to keep it ASCII only. * Make PCRE2_UCP the default in UTF mode in pcre2grep and add --no-ucp, --case-restrict and --posix-digit. * Add --group-separator and --no-group-separator to pcre2grep. Version 10.42 11-December-2022 ------------------------------ This is an unexpectedly early release to fix a problem that was introduced in 10.41. ChangeLog number 19 (GitHub #139) added the default definition of PCRE2_CALL_CONVENTION to pcre2posix.c instead of pcre2posix.h, which meant that programs including pcre2posix.h but not pcre2.h couldn't compile. A new test that checks this case has been added. A couple of other minor issues are also fixed, and a patch for an intermittent JIT fault is also included. See ChangeLog and the Git log. Version 10.41 06-December-2022 ------------------------------ This is another mainly bug-fixing and code-tidying release. There is one significant upgrade to pcre2grep: it now behaves like GNU grep when matching more than one pattern and a later pattern matches at an earlier point in the subject when the matched substrings are being identified by colour or by offsets. Version 10.40 15-April-2022 --------------------------- This is mostly a bug-fixing and code-tidying release. However, there are some extensions to Unicode property handling: * Added support for Bidi_Class and a number of binary Unicode properties, including Bidi_Control. * A number of changes to script matching for \p and \P: (a) Script extensions for a character are now coded as a bitmap instead of a list of script numbers, which should be faster and does not need a loop. (b) Added the syntax \p{script:xxx} and \p{script_extensions:xxx} (synonyms sc and scx). (c) Changed \p{scriptname} from being the same as \p{sc:scriptname} to being the same as \p{scx:scriptname} because this change happened in Perl at release 5.26. (d) The standard Unicode 4-letter abbreviations for script names are now recognized. (e) In accordance with Unicode and Perl's "loose matching" rules, spaces, hyphens, and underscores are ignored in property names, which are then matched independent of case. As always, see ChangeLog for a list of all changes (also the Git log). Version 10.39 29-October-2021 ----------------------------- This release is happening soon after 10.38 because the bug fix is important. 1. Fix incorrect detection of alternatives in first character search in JIT. 2. Update to Unicode 14.0.0. 3. Some code cleanups (see ChangeLog). Version 10.38 01-October-2021 ----------------------------- As well as some bug fixes and tidies (as always, see ChangeLog for details), the documentation is updated to list the new URLs, following the move of the source repository to GitHub and the mailing list to Google Groups. * The CMake build system can now build both static and shared libraries in one go. * Following Perl's lead, \K is now locked out in lookaround assertions by default, but an option is provided to re-enable the previous behaviour. Version 10.37 26-May-2021 ------------------------- A few more bug fixes and tidies. The only change of real note is the removal of the actual POSIX names regcomp etc. from the POSIX wrapper library because these have caused issues for some applications (see 10.33 #2 below). Version 10.36 04-December-2020 ------------------------------ Again, mainly bug fixes and tidies. The only enhancements are the addition of GNU grep's -m (aka --max-count) option to pcre2grep, and also unifying the handling of substitution strings for both -O and callouts in pcre2grep, with the addition of $x{...} and $o{...} to allow for characters whose code points are greater than 255 in Unicode mode. NOTE: there is an outstanding issue with JIT support for MacOS on arm64 hardware. For details, please see Bugzilla issue #2618. Version 10.35 15-April-2020 --------------------------- Bugfixes, tidies, and a few new enhancements. 1. Capturing groups that contain recursive backreferences to themselves are no longer automatically atomic, because the restriction is no longer necessary as a result of the 10.30 restructuring. 2. Several new options for pcre2_substitute(). 3. When Unicode is supported and PCRE2_UCP is set without PCRE2_UTF, Unicode character properties are used for upper/lower case computations on characters whose code points are greater than 127. 4. The character tables (for low-valued characters) can now more easily be saved and restored in binary. 5. Updated to Unicode 13.0.0. Version 10.34 21-November-2019 ------------------------------ Another release with a few enhancements as well as bugfixes and tidies. The main new features are: 1. There is now some support for matching in invalid UTF strings. 2. Non-atomic positive lookarounds are implemented in the pcre2_match() interpreter, but not in JIT. 3. Added two new functions: pcre2_get_match_data_size() and pcre2_maketables_free(). 4. Upgraded to Unicode 12.1.0. Version 10.33 16-April-2019 --------------------------- Yet more bugfixes, tidies, and a few enhancements, summarized here (see ChangeLog for the full list): 1. Callouts from pcre2_substitute() are now available. 2. The POSIX functions are now all called pcre2_regcomp() etc., with wrapper functions that use the standard POSIX names. However, in pcre2posix.h the POSIX names are defined as macros. This should help avoid linking with the wrong library in some environments, while still exporting the POSIX names for pre-existing programs that use them. 3. Some new options: (a) PCRE2_EXTRA_ESCAPED_CR_IS_LF makes \r behave as \n. (b) PCRE2_EXTRA_ALT_BSUX enables support for ECMAScript 6's \u{hh...} construct. (c) PCRE2_COPY_MATCHED_SUBJECT causes a copy of a matched subject to be made, instead of just remembering a pointer. 4. Some new Perl features: (a) Perl 5.28's experimental alphabetic names for atomic groups and lookaround assertions, for example, (*pla:...) and (*atomic:...). (b) The new Perl "script run" features (*script_run:...) and (*atomic_script_run:...) aka (*sr:...) and (*asr:...). (c) When PCRE2_UTF is set, allow non-ASCII letters and decimal digits in capture group names. 5. --disable-percent-zt disables the use of %zu and %td in formatting strings in pcre2test. They were already automatically disabled for VC and older C compilers. 6. Some changes related to callouts in pcre2grep: (a) Support for running an external program under VMS has been added, in addition to Windows and fork() support. (b) --disable-pcre2grep-callout-fork restricts the callout support in to the inbuilt echo facility. Version 10.32 10-September-2018 ------------------------------- This is another mainly bugfix and tidying release with a few minor enhancements. These are the main ones: 1. pcre2grep now supports the inclusion of binary zeros in patterns that are read from files via the -f option. 2. ./configure now supports --enable-jit=auto, which automatically enables JIT if the hardware supports it. 3. In pcre2_dfa_match(), internal recursive calls no longer use the stack for local workspace and local ovectors. Instead, an initial block of stack is reserved, but if this is insufficient, heap memory is used. The heap limit parameter now applies to pcre2_dfa_match(). 4. Updated to Unicode version 11.0.0. 5. (*ACCEPT:ARG), (*FAIL:ARG), and (*COMMIT:ARG) are now supported. 6. Added support for \N{U+dddd}, but only in Unicode mode. 7. Added support for (?^) to unset all imnsx options. Version 10.31 12-February-2018 ------------------------------ This is mainly a bugfix and tidying release (see ChangeLog for full details). However, there are some minor enhancements. 1. New pcre2_config() options: PCRE2_CONFIG_NEVER_BACKSLASH_C and PCRE2_CONFIG_COMPILED_WIDTHS. 2. New pcre2_pattern_info() option PCRE2_INFO_EXTRAOPTIONS to retrieve the extra compile time options. 3. There are now public names for all the pcre2_compile() error numbers. 4. Added PCRE2_CALLOUT_STARTMATCH and PCRE2_CALLOUT_BACKTRACK bits to a new field callout_flags in callout blocks. Version 10.30 14-August-2017 ---------------------------- The full list of changes that includes bugfixes and tidies is, as always, in ChangeLog. These are the most important new features: 1. The main interpreter, pcre2_match(), has been refactored into a new version that does not use recursive function calls (and therefore the system stack) for remembering backtracking positions. This makes --disable-stack-for-recursion a NOOP. The new implementation allows backtracking into recursive group calls in patterns, making it more compatible with Perl, and also fixes some other previously hard-to-do issues. For patterns that have a lot of backtracking, the heap is now used, and there is an explicit limit on the amount, settable by pcre2_set_heap_limit() or (*LIMIT_HEAP=xxx). The "recursion limit" is retained, but is renamed as "depth limit" (though the old names remain for compatibility). There is also a change in the way callouts from pcre2_match() are handled. The offset_vector field in the callout block is no longer a pointer to the actual ovector that was passed to the matching function in the match data block. Instead it points to an internal ovector of a size large enough to hold all possible captured substrings in the pattern. 2. The new option PCRE2_ENDANCHORED insists that a pattern match must end at the end of the subject. 3. The new option PCRE2_EXTENDED_MORE implements Perl's /xx feature, and pcre2test is upgraded to support it. Setting within the pattern by (?xx) is also supported. 4. (?n) can be used to set PCRE2_NO_AUTO_CAPTURE, because Perl now has this. 5. Additional compile options in the compile context are now available, and the first two are: PCRE2_EXTRA_ALLOW_SURROGATE_ESCAPES and PCRE2_EXTRA_BAD_ESCAPE_IS_LITERAL. 6. The newline type PCRE2_NEWLINE_NUL is now available. 7. The match limit value now also applies to pcre2_dfa_match() as there are patterns that can use up a lot of resources without necessarily recursing very deeply. 8. The option REG_PEND (a GNU extension) is now available for the POSIX wrapper. Also there is a new option PCRE2_LITERAL which is used to support REG_NOSPEC. 9. PCRE2_EXTRA_MATCH_LINE and PCRE2_EXTRA_MATCH_WORD are implemented for the benefit of pcre2grep, and pcre2grep's -F, -w, and -x options are re-implemented using PCRE2_LITERAL, PCRE2_EXTRA_MATCH_WORD, and PCRE2_EXTRA_MATCH_LINE. This is tidier and also fixes some bugs. 10. The Unicode tables are upgraded from Unicode 8.0.0 to Unicode 10.0.0. 11. There are some experimental functions for converting foreign patterns (globs and POSIX patterns) into PCRE2 patterns. Version 10.23 14-February-2017 ------------------------------ 1. ChangeLog has the details of a lot of bug fixes and tidies. 2. There has been a major re-factoring of the pcre2_compile.c file. Most syntax checking is now done in the pre-pass that identifies capturing groups. This has reduced the amount of duplication and made the code tidier. While doing this, some minor bugs and Perl incompatibilities were fixed (see ChangeLog for details.) 3. Back references are now permitted in lookbehind assertions when there are no duplicated group numbers (that is, (?| has not been used), and, if the reference is by name, there is only one group of that name. The referenced group must, of course be of fixed length. 4. \g{+<number>} (e.g. \g{+2} ) is now supported. It is a "forward back reference" and can be useful in repetitions (compare \g{-<number>} ). Perl does not recognize this syntax. 5. pcre2grep now automatically expands its buffer up to a maximum set by --max-buffer-size. 6. The -t option (grand total) has been added to pcre2grep. 7. A new function called pcre2_code_copy_with_tables() exists to copy a compiled pattern along with a private copy of the character tables that is uses. 8. A user supplied a number of patches to upgrade pcre2grep under Windows and tidy the code. 9. Several updates have been made to pcre2test and test scripts (see ChangeLog). Version 10.22 29-July-2016 -------------------------- 1. ChangeLog has the details of a number of bug fixes. 2. The POSIX wrapper function regcomp() did not used to support back references and subroutine calls if called with the REG_NOSUB option. It now does. 3. A new function, pcre2_code_copy(), is added, to make a copy of a compiled pattern. 4. Support for string callouts is added to pcre2grep. 5. Added the PCRE2_NO_JIT option to pcre2_match(). 6. The pcre2_get_error_message() function now returns with a negative error code if the error number it is given is unknown. 7. Several updates have been made to pcre2test and test scripts (see ChangeLog). Version 10.21 12-January-2016 ----------------------------- 1. Many bugs have been fixed. A large number of them were provoked only by very strange pattern input, and were discovered by fuzzers. Some others were discovered by code auditing. See ChangeLog for details. 2. The Unicode tables have been updated to Unicode version 8.0.0. 3. For Perl compatibility in EBCDIC environments, ranges such as a-z in a class, where both values are literal letters in the same case, omit the non-letter EBCDIC code points within the range. 4. There have been a number of enhancements to the pcre2_substitute() function, giving more flexibility to replacement facilities. It is now also possible to cause the function to return the needed buffer size if the one given is too small. 5. The PCRE2_ALT_VERBNAMES option causes the "name" parts of special verbs such as (*THEN:name) to be processed for backslashes and to take note of PCRE2_EXTENDED. 6. PCRE2_INFO_HASBACKSLASHC makes it possible for a client to find out if a pattern uses \C, and --never-backslash-C makes it possible to compile a version PCRE2 in which the use of \C is always forbidden. 7. A limit to the length of pattern that can be handled can now be set by calling pcre2_set_max_pattern_length(). 8. When matching an unanchored pattern, a match can be required to begin within a given number of code units after the start of the subject by calling pcre2_set_offset_limit(). 9. The pcre2test program has been extended to test new facilities, and it can now run the tests when LF on its own is not a valid newline sequence. 10. The RunTest script has also been updated to enable more tests to be run. 11. There have been some minor performance enhancements. Version 10.20 30-June-2015 -------------------------- 1. Callouts with string arguments and the pcre2_callout_enumerate() function have been implemented. 2. The PCRE2_NEVER_BACKSLASH_C option, which locks out the use of \C, is added. 3. The PCRE2_ALT_CIRCUMFLEX option lets ^ match after a newline at the end of a subject in multiline mode. 4. The way named subpatterns are handled has been refactored. The previous approach had several bugs. 5. The handling of \c in EBCDIC environments has been changed to conform to the perlebcdic document. This is an incompatible change. 6. Bugs have been mended, many of them discovered by fuzzers. Version 10.10 06-March-2015 --------------------------- 1. Serialization and de-serialization functions have been added to the API, making it possible to save and restore sets of compiled patterns, though restoration must be done in the same environment that was used for compilation. 2. The (*NO_JIT) feature has been added; this makes it possible for a pattern creator to specify that JIT is not to be used. 3. A number of bugs have been fixed. In particular, bugs that caused building on Windows using CMake to fail have been mended. Version 10.00 05-January-2015 ----------------------------- Version 10.00 is the first release of PCRE2, a revised API for the PCRE library. Changes prior to 10.00 are logged in the ChangeLog file for the old API, up to item 20 for release 8.36. New programs are recommended to use the new library. Programs that use the original (PCRE1) API will need changing before linking with the new library. ****
